{"id":100578,"date":"2025-03-08T06:15:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-08T02:45:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/"},"modified":"2025-03-08T06:15:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T02:45:41","slug":"osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062f\u0644 OSI \u0627\u0632 Scratch &#8211; Community Dev"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"2317991\" id=\"article-body\">\n<p><strong>OSI<\/strong> (<strong>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632<\/strong>) \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1984 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 LAN \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 RJ45 \u0648 NIC \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 MAC (\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc). \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f MACOS \u0648 Window \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u060c OSI \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 7 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87\" >7. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#6\" >6.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#5_%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87\" >5 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#4_%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84\" >4. \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_3\" >\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#2_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_DLL\" >2. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (DLL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/osi-model-from-scratch-3mh9\/#1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C\" >1. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  7. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Google \u060c Firefox \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u060c &#8230;<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647: <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647: FTP<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0628: http\/s <\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644: SMTP<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc: Telnet<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6\"><\/span>\n<p>  6.<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>Application<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f <\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c ASCII \u0628\u0647 EBCDIC.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\/ \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Frgk0dq30ndu6e8qmbt06.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"376\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  5 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 NetBios \u060c PPTP \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647<\/strong> : \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u067e\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84\"><\/span>\n<p>  4. \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647) \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 CheckSum \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 TCP \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647 3 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 &#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c UDP (\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f) \u060c NetBios \u060c PPTP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_3\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 3<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 <code>segment<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/strong>: \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0647 <strong>\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong> \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 IP \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_DLL\"><\/span>\n<p>  2. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 (DLL)<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 DLL \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 MAC \u062e\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong>: \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u060c \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc MAC) \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\/\u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0645\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 MAC \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Ftdxrmmxd4en4053w71d2.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  1. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2<strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u06cc\u062a<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<strong>\u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u0645\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\/\u06af\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 IE IE \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\n<strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 Simplex \u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fni4zfcnxz6itwahu2rs0.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"200\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fkgpblenri8tzm6y9ko7t.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fqwyq5yozdc0ckajm45p5.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639:<br \/>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\u061fv=uwod5ysgacg <br \/>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\u061fv=vv4y_uonec0&#038;t=644s<br \/>https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi\/<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OSI (\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632) \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1984 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 LAN \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 RJ45 \u0648 NIC \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 MAC (\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc). \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":100579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=100578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=100578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}