{"id":104039,"date":"2025-04-01T01:43:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T21:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/"},"modified":"2025-04-01T01:43:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T21:13:46","slug":"traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647: \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"2369548\" id=\"article-body\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc Rust \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 Rust \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87\" >\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C\" >\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9\" >\u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7\" >\u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#impl_Trait\" >impl Trait<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87\" >\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7\" >\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF\" >\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9\" >\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF\" >\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87\" >\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81\" >\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/traits-in-rust-explained-from-usage-to-internal-mechanics-3139\/#%D9%85%D8%A7_Leapcell_%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85\" >\u0645\u0627 Leapcell \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">str<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">str<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"s\">\"Meow!\"<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">str<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"s\">\"Woof!\"<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0641\u062a <code>Greeting<\/code> \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Generics \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 (DST) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>Box<dyn trait=\"\"\/><\/code>\u0628\u0627 <code>&amp;dyn Trait<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">print_greeting_static<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">G<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">G<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_dynamic<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Box<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_static<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_static<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_dynamic<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Box<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">));<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_dynamic<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Box<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span><span class=\"p\">));<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u060c \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u060c <code>print_greeting_static<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_static_cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_static_dog<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc GUI \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ClickCallback<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">on_click<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i64<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i64<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Button<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">listeners<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Vec<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">Box<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ClickCallback<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"impl_Trait\"><\/span>\n<p>  <code>impl Trait<\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 Rust 1.26 \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f: <code>impl Trait<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 <code>impl Trait<\/code>\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a!<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_impl<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_impl<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print_greeting_impl<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ The following code will result in a compilation error<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">return_greeting_impl<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">i<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i32<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"n\">i<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">10<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">Dog<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ | fn return_greeting_impl(i: i32) -&gt; impl Greeting {<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |                                    ------------- expected because this return type...<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |     if i &gt; 10 {<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |         return Cat;<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |                --- ...is found to be `Cat` here<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |     }<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |     Dog<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ |     ^^^ expected struct `Cat`, found struct `Dog`<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0648\u0631<\/em> \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>Iterator<\/code> \u0635\u0641\u062a \u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a <code>next<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c <code>Self::Item<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Iterator<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Item<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">next<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Option<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"k\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Item<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"cd\">\/\/\/ A sample iterator that outputs only even numbers<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">EvenNumbers<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">count<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">limit<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Iterator<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">EvenNumbers<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Item<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">next<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Option<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"k\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Item<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.count<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.limit<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n            <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">None<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ret<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.count<\/span> <span class=\"o\">*<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.count<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n        <span class=\"nf\">Some<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">ret<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">main<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">nums<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">EvenNumbers<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"n\">count<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">limit<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">n<\/span> <span class=\"k\">in<\/span> <span class=\"n\">nums<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">n<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Outputs: 2 4 6 8 10<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Generics \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 <code>Iterator<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Generics \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Iterator<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">next<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Option<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>Cat<\/code> \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627) \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u0627 <code>From<\/code> \u0635\u0641\u062a \u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f <code>impl From&lt;&amp;str&gt; for Cat<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>impl From<string> for Cat<\/string><\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u0627 <code>FromStr<\/code>\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f <code>impl FromStr for Cat<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>Iterator<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>Deref<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u060c <code>derive<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>Debug<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>Clone<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>derive<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f: \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u062c\u0627 <code>SubTrait: Base<\/code>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc Rust \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 a <code>&amp;dyn SubTrait<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>&amp;dyn Base<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>transmute<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 <code>usize<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 vTable \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0643\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">use<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">std<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nn\">mem<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">transmute<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">use<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">std<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nn\">fmt<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Debug<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">main<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">v<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nd\">vec!<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span><span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">a<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">Vec<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">u64<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Convert to trait object<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Debug<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"a: {}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">a<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">const<\/span> <span class=\"n\">_<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"b: {:?}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"k\">unsafe<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">transmute<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">_<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">});<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ a: 140735227204568<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ b: (140735227204568, 94484672107880)<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u0628\u06cc<\/strong> (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a: \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 VTABLE. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 GO \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight plaintext\"><code>+---------------------+\n|  fat object pointer |\n+---------+-----------+\n|  data   |  vtable   |\n+----|----+----|------+\n     |         |\n     v         v\n+---------+   +-----------+\n| object  |   |  vtable   |\n+---------+   +-----+-----+\n|   ...   |   |  S  |  S  |\n+---------+   +-----+-----+\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">TraitObjectReference<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"n\">data<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(),<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"n\">vtable<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(),<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Vtable<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">destructor<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"p\">()),<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">size<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">align<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">method<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">const<\/span> <span class=\"p\">())<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f (\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f) \u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u062a\u0648)<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 Vtable \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u062f\u0631 C ++ \u060c vTable \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646:\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight plaintext\"><code>object pointer --&gt; object contents --&gt; vtable --&gt; DynamicType::method() implementation\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 vtable \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 vtable \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight plaintext\"><code>                                    Trait Object\n+---------------+               +------------------+\n|     data      | &lt;------------ |       data       |\n+---------------+               +------------------+\n                                |      vtable      | ------------&gt; +---------------------+\n                                +------------------+               |     destructor      |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n                                                                   |        size         |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n                                                                   |        align        |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n                                                                   |      base.fn1       |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n                                                                   |      base.fn2       |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n                                                                   |    subtrait.fn1     |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n                                                                   |        ......       |\n                                                                   +---------------------+\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 Upcasting \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9 RFC \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a &#8211; RFC 2765 &#8211; \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc RFC \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>AsBase<\/code> \u0635\u0641\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Base<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">base<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"base...\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">AsBase<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">as_base<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Base<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Blanket implementation<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Base<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">AsBase<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">T<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">as_base<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Base<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">self<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">AsBase<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"foo..\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"nd\">#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">MyStruct<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Foo<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">MyStruct<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Base<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">MyStruct<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">main<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">s<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">MyStruct<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Foo<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">foo<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">base<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Base<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">foo<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.as_base<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">base<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.base<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Downcasting \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0632\u0646\u06af \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Any<\/code> \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Any<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"k\">'static<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">type_id<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">TypeId<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>Any<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631<code>'static<\/code> \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>type_id<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">use<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">std<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nn\">any<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Any<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">str<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">as_any<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Any<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nb\">str<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"s\">\"Meow!\"<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">as_any<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Any<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">self<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">main<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">cat<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Greeting<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"n\">cat<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"greeting {}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\n    <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Convert to &amp;Cat<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">downcast_cat<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">g<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.as_any<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span><span class=\"py\">.downcast_ref<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">Cat<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.unwrap<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"greeting {}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">downcast_cat<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.greeting<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a <code>downcast_ref<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">downcast_ref<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Any<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Option<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;&amp;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.is<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"k\">unsafe<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">Some<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;*<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">const<\/span> <span class=\"k\">dyn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Any<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"o\">*<\/span><span class=\"k\">const<\/span> <span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span> <span class=\"k\">else<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"nb\">None<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a (\u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>unsafe<\/code> \u06a9\u062f<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f &#8211; \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <strong>\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641<\/strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f <code>Self<\/code> (\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc)<\/strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>Self<\/code> \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f<\/strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u062e \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Trait<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">foo<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">on<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ more methods<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ 10 implementations<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">call_foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">thing<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Box<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">Trait<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">thing<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>    <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ this could be any one of the 10 types above<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">thing<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">thing<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.foo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"hello\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Would result in 10 * 3 = 30 different implementations<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f) <code>Sized<\/code><\/strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0635\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight rust\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Foo<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">method1<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">method2<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i32<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Autogenerated impl<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Foo<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">TraitObject<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">method1<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ `self` is a `&amp;Foo` trait object.<\/span>\n        <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Load the correct function pointer and call it with the opaque data pointer<\/span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.vtable.method1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.data<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">method2<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i32<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">String<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">usize<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n        <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ `self` is an `&amp;mut Foo` trait object<\/span>\n        <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Same as above, passing along the other arguments<\/span>\n        <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.vtable.method2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.data<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">y<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 <code>Foo<\/code> \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f <code>Sized<\/code>\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>Sized<\/code>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u062a DST \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627) \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f <code>?Sized<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Generics \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u060c <em>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/em>\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06af\u0631\u0627. \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_Leapcell_%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u0627 Leapcell \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fcmsz49scz8cs5sssi34x.png\" alt=\"\u062c\u0647\u0634\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"180\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Leapcell \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc ASYNC \u0648 REDIS \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0627 node.js \u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u06af \u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f &#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: 25 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc 6.94M \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b60ms \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UI \u0628\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 CI\/CD \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 GITOPS.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062f\u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc &#8211; \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f!<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=800%2Cheight=%2Cfit=scale-down%2Cgravity=auto%2Cformat=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2Fs97k45f0741dsgc41b6e.png\" alt=\"Leapcell \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"513\" height=\"120\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 X \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f: LeapCellHQ<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc Rust \u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 Rust \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":104040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104039"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104039\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}