{"id":20261,"date":"2023-04-29T04:13:48","date_gmt":"2023-04-29T00:43:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/"},"modified":"2023-04-29T04:13:48","modified_gmt":"2023-04-29T00:43:48","slug":"best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 &#8220;Generics&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"1451369\" id=\"article-body\">\n<p>Generics \u062f\u0631 Typescript \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc TS \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#1_%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\" >1. \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C\" >2. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#3_%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C\" >3. \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#4_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9\" >4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#5_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\" >5. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#6_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9\" >6. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF_as_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85\" >7. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f as \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#8_%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF\" >8. \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#9_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\" >9. \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#10_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_Generics\" >10. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631 Generics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/best-ways-to-use-generics-in-typescript-51fi\/#%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>Generics<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  1. \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 <code>generics<\/code> \u0628\u0627 &#8230; \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>type.<\/code> \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">MyData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">data<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">DataAsString<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span>  <span class=\"nx\">MyData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ type DataAsString = {<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/    data: string;<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ }<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645 <code>string<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f <code>string<\/code> \u0646\u0648\u0639  \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 <code>number<\/code> \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.  \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>generics.<\/code> \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">MyData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">data<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">DataAsString<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span>  <span class=\"nx\">MyData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ type DataAsString = {<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/    data: number;<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ }<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  2. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>type arguments<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">fetchData<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">url<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Promise<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">fetch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">url<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">fetchData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\/api\/books<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">then<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">res<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n      <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">res<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n      <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ res: {name: string, age: number}<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">})<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645 <code>{name: string, age: number}<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>type argument<\/code> \u0628\u0647 <code>fetchData<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f <code>res<\/code> \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>Promise&lt;Type&gt;.<\/code> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 <code>fetchData<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 <code>res<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">fetchData<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">url<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Promise<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">fetch<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">url<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">fetchData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\/api\/books<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">then<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">res<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n      <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">res<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n      <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ res: {id: number, email: string}<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">})<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  3. \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>Set<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 Set \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">numberSet<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Set<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">numberSet<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">add<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">numberSet<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">add<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">numberSet<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">add<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>Map<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 Map \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">stringToNumberMap<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Map<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">stringToNumberMap<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"kd\">set<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">one<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">stringToNumberMap<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"kd\">set<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">two<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">stringToNumberMap<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"kd\">set<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">three<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 <code>type argument<\/code> \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a <code>runtime argument<\/code> \u067e\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>generic type<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">identity<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">result1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">identity<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">42<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ const result1: number<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">result2<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">identity<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">hello<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ const result2: string<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">identity<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">result1<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">identity<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">42<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ const result1: number<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">result2<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">identity<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">hello<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ const result2: string<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>type argument<\/code>\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0633 <code>Typescript<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f <code>runtime argument<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>infer<\/code> \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646<br \/>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>inferred<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  5. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>ReturnType<\/code> \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>ReturnType<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">GetPromiseData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Awaited<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">ReturnType<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Type 'T' does not satisfy the constraint '(...args: any) =&gt; any'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">PromiseResult<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">GetPromiseData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Promise<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 <code>T<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>extends (...args: any) =&gt; any<\/code> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>T<\/code>:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">GetPromiseData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(...<\/span><span class=\"nx\">args<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">any<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">any<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Awaited<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">ReturnType<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">PromiseResult<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">GetPromiseData<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Promise<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  6. \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 <code>.address<\/code> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a arg\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc a \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>.address<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">myFunc<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Property 'address' does not exist on type 'Type'.<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>address<\/code> \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 <code>Type<\/code> \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0644:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">IDetails<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">myFunc<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">IDetails<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Now we know it has a .address property, so no more error<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"nx\">myFunc<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ error: Argument of type 'boolean' is not assignable to parameter of type 'IDetails'.<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>address<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"nx\">myFunc<\/span><span class=\"p\">({<\/span> <span class=\"na\">length<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">address<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Something<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"p\">});<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF_as_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85\"><\/span>\n<p>  7. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>as<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>as<\/code> \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">ObjectKeys<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Array<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Object<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">keys<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Type 'string[]' is not assignable to type '(keyof T)[]'. <\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">result<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">ObjectKeys<\/span><span class=\"p\">({<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">6<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">me@gmail.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">})<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 <code>Object.keys<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u062f \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 TypeScript \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <code>Object.keys<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>T.<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Object.keys<\/code> \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 keyof \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>T<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>as<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">ObjectKeys<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Object<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">keys<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Array<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">result<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">ObjectKeys<\/span><span class=\"p\">({<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">6<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">me@gmail.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">})<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF\"><\/span>\n<p>  8. \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getProperty<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">let<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">x<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">a<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">b<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">c<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">d<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">getProperty<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">a<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ return type: string | number | boolean<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.  \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>union<\/code> \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 3 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641  \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getProperty<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Key<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Key<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">let<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">x<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">a<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">b<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">c<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">d<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">getProperty<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">a<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ return type: number<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645 <code>Key<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u06cc <code>T<\/code>.  \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getProperty<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Key<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Key<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">let<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">x<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">a<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">b<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">c<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">d<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">getProperty<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">c<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ return type: boolean<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  9. \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">makeSet<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Set<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">mySet<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">makeSet<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ const mySet: Set&lt;unknown&gt;<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>unknown<\/code> \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 <code>makeSet<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c <code>makeSet&lt;number&gt;()<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">makeSet<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Set<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">mySet<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">makeSet<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ const mySet: Set&lt;number&gt;<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_Generics\"><\/span>\n<p>  10. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631 Generics<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">create<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">c<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"p\">():<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span> <span class=\"p\">}):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Type<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">c<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>create<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 type \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>Type<\/code>\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>c<\/code>\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>Type<\/code>.  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>{ new (): Type }<\/code>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>Type<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0631\u0627 <code>new<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>Type<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>c<\/code>.  \u0631\u0627 <code>new<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Type<\/code> \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>Type<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 type \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc <code>create<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">MyClass<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"kd\">constructor<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">public<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">instance<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">create<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">MyClass<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">instance<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Output: undefined<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c <code>MyClass,<\/code> \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f  \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>create<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 <code>MyClass<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646  \u0631\u0627 <code>create<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>MyClass<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>MyClass.<\/code><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc TypeScript \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 TypeScript \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u06a9\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u062f TypeScript \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f TypeScript \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 TypeScript \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>:<br \/>\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udcbb\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646<br \/>\ud83c\udfde\ufe0fFiverr \u0645\u0646<br \/>\ud83c\udf09\u06af\u06cc\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Generics \u062f\u0631 Typescript \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0648\u0646\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc TS \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20261"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20261\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}