{"id":24359,"date":"2023-05-22T23:46:36","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T20:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/"},"modified":"2023-05-22T23:46:36","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T20:16:36","slug":"part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a 3: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 TypeScript"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"1476481\" id=\"article-body\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/#%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4_3_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87_TypeScript\" >\u0628\u062e\u0634 3: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 TypeScript<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/#%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9\" >\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/#%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC\" >\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/#%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7\" >\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/part-3-advanced-typescript-concepts-2f36\/#%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF\" >\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06af\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4_3_%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87_TypeScript\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0628\u062e\u0634 3: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 TypeScript<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>|<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">printId<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s2\">`ID: <\/span><span class=\"p\">${<\/span><span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><span class=\"s2\">`<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">printId<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">123<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">printId<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">abc<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">printId<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Argument of type 'boolean' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number | string'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>&amp;<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Printable<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Loggable<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">createLogger<\/span><span class=\"p\">():<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Printable<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Loggable<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Printing...<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Logging...<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">logger<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">createLogger<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">logger<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">logger<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">logger<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">sayHello<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Property 'sayHello' does not exist on type 'Printable &amp; Loggable'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639 TypeScript \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">let<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">message<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Hello, TypeScript!<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ TypeScript infers the type as string<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">let<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">count<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ TypeScript infers the type as number<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">add<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">a<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">a<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ TypeScript infers the return type as number<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">person<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John Doe<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ TypeScript infers the type as { name: string, age: number }<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Generics \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">toArray<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">[]<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arg<\/span><span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">toArray<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ numbers inferred as number[]<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">names<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">toArray<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Jane<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ names inferred as string[]<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">values<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">toArray<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">two<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Generics \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06af\u0627\u0631\u062f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">logLength<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">[]):<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">typeof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">value<\/span> <span class=\"o\">===<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">string<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">length<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid: value is narrowed down to string<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span> <span class=\"k\">else<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">length<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid: value is narrowed down to string[]<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a 4 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f: \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a 2 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 TypeScript<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u062e\u0634 3: \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 TypeScript \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24359"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24359\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}