{"id":30555,"date":"2023-07-15T01:09:28","date_gmt":"2023-07-14T21:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/"},"modified":"2023-07-15T01:09:28","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T21:39:28","slug":"mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 Generics \u062f\u0631 Typescript &#8211; DEV Community"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"1537358\" id=\"article-body\">\n<p>\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc TypeScript \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u060c \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#Generics_%D8%AF%D8%B1_Typescript_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\" >Generics \u062f\u0631 Typescript \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C\" >\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\" >\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\" >\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AF\" >\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%87\" >\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/mastering-generics-in-typescript-1clc\/#%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9\" >\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Generics_%D8%AF%D8%B1_Typescript_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\n<p>  Generics \u062f\u0631 Typescript \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Generics \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/Call the function<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Hello World<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 <code>echo<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c TypeScript \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 &#8216;value&#8217; \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 &#8216;any&#8217; \u0627\u0633\u062a.  \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c TypeScript \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>any<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>value<\/code> \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Hello World<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>echo<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061f  \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>echo<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/Argument of type 'number' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">3.14159<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f  \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u061f  \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>echo<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">value<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n <span class=\"c1\">\/\/calls the function with no errors from typescript<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Hello World<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mf\">3.14159<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kc\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">([<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">echo<\/span><span class=\"p\">({<\/span><span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">fullName<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John Doe<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">})<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 echo \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>value<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 <code>T<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>T<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc  \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc <code>&lt;T&gt;<\/code> \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c <code>&lt;X&gt;,<\/code> <code>&lt;Y&gt;<\/code>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc <code>T<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>type<\/code>\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0628\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>functions<\/code>;  \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 CRUD \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a (\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>UserRepository<\/code>\u060c <code>ProductRepository<\/code>\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>Repository<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Repository<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">getById<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">getAll<\/span><span class=\"p\">():<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">[];<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">create<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"na\">item<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">update<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"na\">item<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">delete<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserRepository<\/span> <span class=\"k\">implements<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Repository<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Implementation specific to User entity<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">class<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">ProductRepository<\/span> <span class=\"k\">implements<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Repository<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Product<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Implementation specific to Products operation<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Usage<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">userRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Repository<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">userRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">getById<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">123<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">userRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">create<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">newUser<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">productRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Repository<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">Product<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">new<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">ProductRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">products<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">productRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">getAll<\/span><span class=\"p\">();<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">productRepository<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">update<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">updatedProduct<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c <code>Repository<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>T<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a  \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>getById<\/code>\u060c <code>getAll<\/code>\u060c <code>create<\/code>\u060c <code>update<\/code>\u060c \u0648 <code>delete<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>Repository<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>User<\/code> \u0648 <code>Product<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 TypeScript \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f <code>printLength<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>extend<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 Typescript\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Lengthy<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">length<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">printLength<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Lengthy<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">item<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"k\">void<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s2\">`Length: <\/span><span class=\"p\">${<\/span><span class=\"nx\">item<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">length<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><span class=\"s2\">`<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">stringItem<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Hello, World!<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">printLength<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">stringItem<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Output: Length: 13<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arrayItem<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">printLength<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arrayItem<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Output: Length: 5<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">numberItem<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">42<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Type 'number' does not have a property 'length'<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">printLength<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">numberItem<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c The <code>printLength<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f <code>T<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f <code>Lengthy<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>extends<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 <code>T<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>length<\/code> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 <code>number<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>printLength<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0647 <code>length<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>item<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc <code>T<\/code> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>length<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>printLength<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 (<code>stringItem<\/code> \u0648 <code>arrayItem<\/code> ) \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>Lengthy<\/code> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 TypeScript \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.  \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 (<code>numberItem<\/code>) \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <code>length<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u060c TypeScript \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 TypeScript \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>id<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0621\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <code>key<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Person<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getObjectValue<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">K<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arr<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">[],<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">K<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">K<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">foundObject<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arr<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">find<\/span><span class=\"p\">((<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">id<\/span> <span class=\"o\">===<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">foundObject<\/span> <span class=\"p\">?<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">foundObject<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">people<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">Person<\/span><span class=\"p\">[]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">25<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Jane<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Bob<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">];<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">nameValue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getObjectValue<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">people<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">name<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">nameValue<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Output: Jane<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0648\u0641  \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>&lt;T, K&gt;<\/code> \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>T<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>{id: number }<\/code> \u0648 <code>K<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>T<\/code> (\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>keyof<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631) \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <code>T<\/code> \u0634\u06cc (\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>extend<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<code>arr<\/code>: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a <code>T<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>key<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>T<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\n<code>id<\/code>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>T<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 getObjectValue \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c T \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f[K]\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062e\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f <code>id<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 <code>id.<\/code><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062e\u0637 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06cc <code>foundObject<\/code> \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>foundObject[key]<\/code> \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f <code>undefined<\/code> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0647.  \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 <code>getObjectValue<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%98%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AF\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627 <code>getObjectValue<\/code> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f wed \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <code>id<\/code> \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.  \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getObjectValue<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">T<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"p\">},<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">K<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">extends<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">keyof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">arr<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">[],<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"nx\">K<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">T<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">K<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">foundObject<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">arr<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">find<\/span><span class=\"p\">((<\/span><span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">obj<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">id<\/span> <span class=\"o\">===<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">foundObject<\/span> <span class=\"p\">?<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">foundObject<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"nx\">key<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span> <span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc <code>id: number<\/code> \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 <code>id: number = 2,<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645 <code>2<\/code> \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>Generics \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc TypeScript \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646.  \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/0xJamin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u062a\u0631<\/strong><\/a>  | <strong>\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/strong> | <strong>GitHub<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc TypeScript \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0698\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30555\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}