{"id":63922,"date":"2024-05-27T14:55:39","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T11:25:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be-%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%be%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%a9%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1\/"},"modified":"2024-05-27T14:55:39","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T11:25:39","slug":"%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be-%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%be%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%a9%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be-%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%be%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%be%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%a9%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 2 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div data-article-id=\"1863781\" id=\"article-body\">\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c TypeScript \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">example@mail.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"k\">typeof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ generated automatically<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ generated automatically<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c <code>email<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Read as number<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">test@mail.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Read as string<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">example@email.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ERROR: Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'string'<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">notExisting<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">Test<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ERROR: Property 'notExisting' does not exist on type '{ id: number; email: string; }'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 TypeScript \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 <strong>\u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"c1\">\/\/ variable annotation<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Record<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">test@mail.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.  \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>email<\/code> \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Record<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">test@mail.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">example@.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">notCorrectValue<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{};<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ERROR: Type '{}' is not assignable to type 'string | number | boolean'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">console<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nf\">log<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">neverExisting<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ &lt;- We can read a value that never exists<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 TypeScript\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <strong>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u062f<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645&#8230; \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 <code>satisfies<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0631\u0627 <code>satisfies<\/code> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 TypeScript \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">asdsadas<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">satisfies<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Record<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">id<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">string Id<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ERROR: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">example@.com<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">test<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ERROR: Property 'test' does not exist on type '{ id: number; email: string; }'<\/span>\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ERROR: Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'string'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 TypeScript \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>id<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>number<\/code> \u0648 <code>email<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 <code>string<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u0631\u0627 <code>satisfies<\/code> \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">User<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Record<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">USER_<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">User<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">const<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">USER_<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ &lt;- `email` is shown as `string | number | boolean`<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">USER<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n    <span class=\"na\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">satisfies<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">USER<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">email<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ &lt;- `email` is shown as `1`<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>satisfies<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>as const<\/code>\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 TypeScript \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u060c <strong>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 TypeScript \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f<\/strong> \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u060c TypeScript \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. const user = { id: 1, email: &#8216;example@mail.com&#8217;, }; typeof user = { id: number \/\/ generated automatically email: string 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