{"id":65884,"date":"2024-06-09T18:16:20","date_gmt":"2024-06-09T14:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/"},"modified":"2024-06-09T18:16:20","modified_gmt":"2024-06-09T14:46:20","slug":"negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \ud83d\udc0d"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"1882060\" id=\"article-body\">\n<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0634 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\" >\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C\" >1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#2_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%9F\" >2. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-2\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7\" >3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-3\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-4\" 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>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#5_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7\" >5. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-7\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#6_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4\" >6. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-8\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#7_%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C\" >7. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%B9%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA\" >\u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7\" >\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA\" >\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#8_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87\" >8. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" 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href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C\" >\u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7\" >9. \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87\" >\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-9\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%87\" >\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-10\" >\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/negative-indexing-in-python-with-examples-1ind\/#10_%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%87_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C\" >10. \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 0 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a <code>numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]<\/code>\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 (10) 0\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 (20) 1 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 10\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 20\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%9F\"><\/span>\n<p>  2. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631\u061f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 0\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 1- \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-2\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 50\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 40\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-3\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Accessing the last element\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 50\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Accessing the second last element\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 40\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-4\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Slicing the last three elements\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">:])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [30, 40, 50]\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Slicing from the second last to the last element\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">:])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [40, 50]\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  4. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-5\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">text<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">Hello, World!<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Accessing the last character\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: '!'\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Accessing the second last character\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 'd'\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-6\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">text<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">Hello, World!<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Slicing the last 5 characters\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">:])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 'orld!'\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Slicing from the second last to the end\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">:])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 'd!'\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  5. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-7\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">coordinates<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Accessing the last element\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">coordinates<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 5\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Accessing the second last element\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">coordinates<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: 4\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4\"><\/span>\n<p>  6. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-8\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"c1\"># Reversing a list\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"n\">reversed_numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[::<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">reversed_numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Skipping elements\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">skip_elements<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[::<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">skip_elements<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [10, 30, 50]\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Reversing a string\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">text<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">Hello, World!<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span>\n<span class=\"n\">reversed_text<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">text<\/span><span class=\"p\">[::<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">reversed_text<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: '!dlroW ,olleH'\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  7. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B9%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"n\">reversed_numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[::<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">reversed_numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">is_palindrome<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"n\">s<\/span> <span class=\"o\">==<\/span> <span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">[::<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">is_palindrome<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">radar<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: True\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">is_palindrome<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">python<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">))<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: False\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"k\">def<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">rotate_right<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">lst<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">k<\/span><span class=\"p\">):<\/span>\n    <span class=\"n\">k<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">k<\/span> <span class=\"o\">%<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">len<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">lst<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Handle rotation greater than list length\n<\/span>    <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"n\">lst<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"n\">k<\/span><span class=\"p\">:]<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"n\">lst<\/span><span class=\"p\">[:<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"n\">k<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"n\">rotated_numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">rotate_right<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">rotated_numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [40, 50, 10, 20, 30]\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  8. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">data<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">4<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">6<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">7<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">8<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">9<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\"># Split data into two parts: last 3 elements and the rest\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">split_point<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span>\n<span class=\"n\">part1<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">part2<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">data<\/span><span class=\"p\">[:<\/span><span class=\"n\">split_point<\/span><span class=\"p\">],<\/span> <span class=\"n\">data<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"n\">split_point<\/span><span class=\"p\">:]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">part1<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">part2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [8, 9, 10]\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%AF\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">log_entries<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">entry1<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">entry2<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">entry3<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">entry4<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s\">entry5<\/span><span class=\"sh\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\"># Get the last 2 log entries\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">recent_entries<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">log_entries<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">:]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">recent_entries<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: ['entry4', 'entry5']\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.  \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">time_series<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">100<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">200<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">300<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">400<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">500<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">600<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">700<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\"># Get the last 3 elements as a sliding window\n<\/span><span class=\"n\">window_size<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span>\n<span class=\"n\">sliding_window<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">time_series<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"n\">window_size<\/span><span class=\"p\">:]<\/span>\n<span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">sliding_window<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [500, 600, 700]\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\n<p>  9. \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 IndexError \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.  \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-9\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\"># This will raise an IndexError\n<\/span><span class=\"k\">try<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">6<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>\n<span class=\"k\">except<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">IndexError<\/span> <span class=\"k\">as<\/span> <span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span>\n    <span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">e<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: list index out of range\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0631\u06af\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84-10\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight python\"><code><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">20<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">30<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">40<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">50<\/span><span class=\"p\">]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\"># This will return an empty list because the start is after the stop\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [50, 40]\n<\/span>\n<span class=\"c1\"># Correct way\n<\/span><span class=\"nf\">print<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">numbers<\/span><span class=\"p\">[<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span><span class=\"o\">-<\/span><span class=\"mi\">1<\/span><span class=\"p\">])<\/span>  <span class=\"c1\"># Output: [30, 40]\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%87_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  10. \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0634 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":65885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65884\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}