{"id":80256,"date":"2024-10-15T17:20:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T13:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/common-useful-linux-commands-45ag\/"},"modified":"2024-10-15T17:20:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T13:50:51","slug":"common-useful-linux-commands-45ag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/common-useful-linux-commands-45ag\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"

Summarize this content to 400 words in Persian Lang <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/p>\n

ls – \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

ls
\nls -l # Long listing format
\nls -a # List all files, including hidden ones<\/p>\n

cd \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

cd \/path\/to\/directory
\ncd .. # Go up one directory
\ncd ~ # Go to the home directory<\/p>\n

mkdir – \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

mkdir new_directory<\/p>\n

rmdir – \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

rmdir directory_name<\/p>\n

cp \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

cp source_file destination
\ncp -r source_directory destination_directory # Copy directories recursively<\/p>\n

mv \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

mv old_name new_name
\nmv file_name \/path\/to\/destination\/<\/p>\n

rm \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

rm file_name
\nrm -r directory_name # Remove directories recursively<\/p>\n

touch \u2013 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

touch file_name<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n

cat – \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

cat file_name<\/p>\n

less \u2013 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

less file_name<\/p>\n

head \u2013 10 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

head file_name
\nhead -n 5 file_name # Show the first 5 lines<\/p>\n

tail \u2013 10 \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

tail file_name
\ntail -n 5 file_name # Show the last 5 lines<\/p>\n

grep – \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

grep ‘search_term’ file_name
\ngrep -r ‘search_term’ \/path\/to\/directory # Search recursively in directories<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a<\/p>\n

chmod \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

chmod 755 file_name # Gives read, write, execute permissions to the owner and read, execute to others
\nchmod +x script.sh # Make file executable<\/p>\n

chown \u2013 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

chown user:group file_name<\/p>\n

umask \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

umask 022 # Sets default permissions to 755 for directories and 644 for files<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n

ps \u2013 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

ps
\nps aux # Show all processes<\/p>\n

top – \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

top<\/p>\n

kill – \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 PID \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

kill process_id
\nkill -9 process_id # Forcefully kill a process<\/p>\n

htop – \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc (\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f).<\/p>\n

htop<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/p>\n

df \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

df -h # Human-readable format<\/p>\n

du \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

du -h \/path\/to\/directory<\/p>\n

free \u2013 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

free -h # Human-readable format<\/p>\n

uname – \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

uname -a # Display all system info<\/p>\n

uptime \u2013 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

uptime<\/p>\n

whoami – \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

whoami<\/p>\n

hostname \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

hostname<\/p>\n

lscpu \u2013 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc CPU<\/p>\n

lscpu<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/p>\n

ping – \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

ping google.com<\/p>\n

ifconfig – \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f).<\/p>\n

ifconfig<\/p>\n

ip – \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

ip addr show # Show IP addresses of network interfaces
\nip route show # Show routing table<\/p>\n

curl – \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 URL \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

curl https:\/\/example.com<\/p>\n

wget \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

wget https:\/\/example.com\/file.zip<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n

apt-get (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648) – \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update # Update package list
\nsudo apt-get install package # Install a package
\nsudo apt-get remove package # Remove a package<\/p>\n

yum (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 RedHat\/CentOS) – \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

sudo yum update # Update package list
\nsudo yum install package # Install a package
\nsudo yum remove package # Remove a package<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n

tar – \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

tar -czvf archive_name.tar.gz \/path\/to\/directory # Create a compressed archive
\ntar -xzvf archive_name.tar.gz # Extract a compressed archive<\/p>\n

zip – \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

zip archive_name.zip file1 file2<\/p>\n

unzip – \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

unzip archive_name.zip<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647<\/p>\n

echo – \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0627\u067e \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

echo “Hello, World!”<\/p>\n

date \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

date<\/p>\n

alias – \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

alias ll=’ls -la’ # Create a shortcut for ‘ls -la’<\/p>\n

history \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

history<\/p>\n

clear – \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

clear<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n