{"id":85910,"date":"2024-11-28T23:38:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T20:08:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/day-10-ls-l-40i4\/"},"modified":"2024-11-28T23:38:27","modified_gmt":"2024-11-28T20:08:27","slug":"day-10-ls-l-40i4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/day-10-ls-l-40i4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0632 10: ls -l *"},"content":{"rendered":"

Summarize this content to 400 words in Persian Lang <\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645. \u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 SRE \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0632\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0645. \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f. <\/p>\n

\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 Bash \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

$ ls -l *<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u279c pwd $ ls -l *
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 0 Month 01 14:05 LICENSE
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 202 Month 01 14:05 go.mod
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 896 Month 01 14:05 go.sum
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 138 Month 01 14:05 main.go<\/p>\n

cmd:
\ntotal 8
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 1444 Month 01 14:05 root.go<\/p>\n

internal:
\ntotal 16
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 37 Month 01 16:05 main.go
\n-rw-r–r–@ 1 user group 225 Month 01 14:10 main_test.go<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645: <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f 0755). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628) \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 @ \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f SELinux.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc (pwd) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 dir) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.
\n\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\/\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f ls \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n

stat – \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 -l \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 (\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a).<\/p>\n

lstat – \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 -l (\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc ls \u0628\u0627 -l \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a stat_t \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647:<\/p>\n

func New(n string, stat *syscall.Stat_t) Stat {
\n var m Stat
\n m.BaseName = path.Base(n)
\n m.AbsolutePath, _ = filepath.Abs(n)
\n if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFDIR == syscall.S_IFDIR {
\n m.Type = “directory”
\n } else if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFREG == syscall.S_IFREG {
\n m.Type = “file”
\n } else if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFLNK == syscall.S_IFLNK {
\n m.Type = “symlink”
\n } else if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFIFO == syscall.S_IFIFO {
\n m.Type = “fifo”
\n } else if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFSOCK == syscall.S_IFSOCK {
\n m.Type = “socket”
\n } else if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFCHR == syscall.S_IFCHR {
\n m.Type = “character_device”
\n } else if stat.Mode&syscall.S_IFBLK == syscall.S_IFBLK {
\n m.Type = “block_device”
\n } else {
\n m.Type = “unknown”
\n }
\n m.SizeBytes = stat.Size
\n m.Mode = stat.Mode
\n m.UserID = stat.Uid
\n m.GroupID = stat.Gid
\n m.LastAccessedTime = time.Unix(stat.Atimespec.Sec, stat.Atimespec.Nsec)
\n m.LastModifiedTime = time.Unix(stat.Mtimespec.Sec, stat.Mtimespec.Nsec)
\n m.CreateTime = time.Unix(stat.Ctimespec.Sec, stat.Ctimespec.Nsec)
\n m.BirthTime = time.Unix(stat.Birthtimespec.Sec, stat.Birthtimespec.Nsec)
\n m.BlockSize = uint32(stat.Blksize)
\n m.NumBlocks = uint64(stat.Blocks)<\/p>\n

var err error
\n u, err := user.LookupId(fmt.Sprintf(“%d”, stat.Uid))
\n if err == nil {
\n m.Owner = u.Username
\n m.UserName = u.Username
\n } else {
\n m.Owner = “unknown”
\n m.UserName = “unknown”
\n }<\/p>\n

u, err = user.LookupId(fmt.Sprintf(“%d”, stat.Gid))
\n if err == nil {
\n m.GroupName = u.Username
\n } else {
\n m.GroupName = “unknown”
\n }<\/p>\n

m.HardLinkReferenceCount = uint16(stat.Nlink)<\/p>\n

octalPerm := os.FileMode(stat.Mode) & os.ModePerm
\n m.Permissions.Octal = fmt.Sprintf(“%o”, octalPerm)<\/p>\n

const (
\n ownerStatTOffset = 6
\n groupStatTOffset = 3
\n otherStatTOffset = 1
\n )<\/p>\n

\/\/ https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/inode.7.html
\n \/\/ who-has-what-perms section starts at offset 6 and ends at offset 10.<\/p>\n

\/\/ The >> operator in Go shifts the bits of a number to the right.
\n \/\/ Think of the number as a row of lights (1 = on, 0 = off).
\n \/\/ – >> 1 moves all the lights 1 step to the right, filling empty spaces on the left:
\n \/\/ – Positive numbers fill with 0 (e.g., 8 >> 1: 00001000 -> 00000100 = 4).
\n \/\/ – Negative numbers fill with 1 to keep the number negative.
\n \/\/ – Bits that fall off the right edge disappear.
\n var (
\n ownerPerms = uint8(octalPerm >> ownerStatTOffset)
\n groupPerms = uint8(octalPerm >> groupStatTOffset)
\n otherPerms = uint8(octalPerm >> otherStatTOffset)
\n )
\n m.Permissions.Symbolic.Owner = perm.New(ownerPerms)
\n m.Permissions.Symbolic.Group = perm.New(groupPerms)
\n m.Permissions.Symbolic.Other = perm.New(otherPerms)
\n return m
\n}<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

func New(mode uint8) SymbolicPermission {
\n var (
\n read bool
\n write bool
\n execute bool
\n )
\n const (
\n readOffset = 4
\n writeOffset = 2
\n executeOffset = 1
\n )<\/p>\n

\/\/ bitIsSet determines whether a specific bit is set in an unsigned int.
\n \/\/ Example:
\n \/\/ mode := uint8(5) \/\/ Binary: 101
\n \/\/ bitIsSet(mode, 4) \/\/ Returns true (read bit is set)
\n \/\/ 0b101 & 0b100 = 0b100 (comparison: 0b100 == 0b100 \u2192 true)
\n \/\/ bitIsSet(mode, 2) \/\/ Returns false (write bit is not set)
\n \/\/ 0b101 & 0b010 = 0b000 (comparison: 0b000 == 0b010 \u2192 false)
\n \/\/ bitIsSet(mode, 1) \/\/ Returns true (execute bit is set)
\n \/\/ 0b101 & 0b001 = 0b001 (comparison: 0b001 == 0b001 \u2192 true)
\n bitIsSet := func(mode, offset uint8) bool {
\n return mode&offset == offset
\n }
\n read = bitIsSet(mode, readOffset)
\n write = bitIsSet(mode, writeOffset)
\n execute = bitIsSet(mode, executeOffset)<\/p>\n

return SymbolicPermission{
\n Read: read,
\n Write: write,
\n Execute: execute,
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\n
\n

\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n