{"id":98066,"date":"2025-02-18T21:03:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T17:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/"},"modified":"2025-02-18T21:03:43","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T17:33:43","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 TypeScript: \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-article-id=\"2286276\" id=\"article-body\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1_Typescript\" >\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Typescript<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#1_Partial\" >1 Partial<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#2_Required\" >2 Required<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#3_Readonly\" >3 Readonly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#4_Pick\" >4 Pick<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#5_Omit\" >5 Omit<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#6_Record\" >6 Record<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#7_Exclude\" >7 Exclude<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#8_Extract\" >8 Extract<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#9_NonNullable\" >9 NonNullable<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87\" >\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#10_ReturnType\" >10 ReturnType<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#11_Parameters\" >11 Parameters<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C\" >\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%af%d8%b1-typescript-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b6%db%8c%d8%ad-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c\/#%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\" >\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1_Typescript\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Typescript<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 TypeScript \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <strong>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u060c \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 <code>User<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kr\">interface<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">User<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">isAdmin<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nl\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">?:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\n<p><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Partial\"><\/span>\n<p>  1 <code>Partial<type\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">payload<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Partial<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Required\"><\/span>\n<p>  2 <code>Required<type\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Not Valid \u274c<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Required<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span> \n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705 (all properties provided) <\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Required<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> \n  <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">age<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">34<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"na\">isAdmin<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">false<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">};<\/span> \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Readonly\"><\/span>\n<p>  3 <code>Readonly<type\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 readonly \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Readonly<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">isAdmin<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">false<\/span>  <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nx\">user<\/span><span class=\"p\">.<\/span><span class=\"nx\">name<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Bob<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Cannot assign to 'name' because it is a read-only property.<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Pick\"><\/span>\n<p>  4 <code>Pick<type keys=\"\"\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">userPreview<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Pick<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">id<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">name<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Omit\"><\/span>\n<p>  5 <code>Omit<type keys=\"\"\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">userDetails<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Omit<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">User<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">age<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">isAdmin<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645. (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 <code>id<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>name<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a <code>age<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>isAdmin<\/code> \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 <code>User<\/code>)<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Record\"><\/span>\n<p>  6 <code>Record<keys type=\"\"\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u06cc\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">SUPER_ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">roleMatrix<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Record<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">SUPER_ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">false<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Not Valid \u274c<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">roleMatrix<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Record<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">boolean<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">SUPER_ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">false<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\n  <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">MANAGER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">true<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: As MANAGER is not present in UserRoles<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Exclude\"><\/span>\n<p>  7 <code>Exclude<type excludedunion=\"\"\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">SUPER_ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">AdminRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Exclude<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ remove the CUSTOMER from UserRoles<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">role<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">AdminRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Not Valid \u274c<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">role<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">AdminRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Extract\"><\/span>\n<p>  8 <code>Extract<type union=\"\"\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">SUPER_ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">AdminRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Extract<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">UserRoles<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">SUPER_ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Only include 'ADMIN' &amp; 'SUPER_ADMIN' from UserRoles<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">role<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">AdminRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">CUSTOMER<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Not Valid \u274c<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">role<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">AdminRoles<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">ADMIN<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_NonNullable\"><\/span>\n<p>  9 <code>NonNullable<type\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id1<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">12<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id2<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">12<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id3<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id4<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">NonNullId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">NonNullable<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Not Valid \u274c<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id5<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">NonNullId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Type 'null' is not assignable to type 'NonNullId'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%87\"><\/span>\n<p>  <strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Explude \u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">NonNullId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Exclude<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nx\">UserId<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">undefined<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Not Valid \u274c<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">const<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">NonNullId<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kc\">null<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Error: Type 'null' is not assignable to type 'NonNullId'<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_ReturnType\"><\/span>\n<p>  10 <code>ReturnType<type\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">getUser<\/span><span class=\"p\">()<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\n  <span class=\"k\">return<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span> <span class=\"na\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">1<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"na\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span><span class=\"s2\">John<\/span><span class=\"dl\">\"<\/span> <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">User<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">ReturnType<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"k\">typeof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">getUser<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ { id: number; name: string }<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Parameters\"><\/span>\n<p>  11 <code>Parameters<type\/><\/code><br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641:<\/strong>: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 tuple (\u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647) \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0646\u0648\u0639 parammets \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"highlight js-code-highlight\">\n<pre class=\"highlight typescript\"><code><span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">updateUser<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nx\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">number<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">name<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">string<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"kd\">type<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UpdateParams<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">Parameters<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"k\">typeof<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">updateUser<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ [number, string]<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ Valid \u2705<\/span>\n<span class=\"kd\">function<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">updateBook<\/span><span class=\"p\">(...<\/span><span class=\"nx\">params<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nx\">UpdateParams<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{}<\/span> <span class=\"c1\">\/\/ params = (id: number, name: string)<\/span>\n\n<span class=\"nf\">updateBook<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">12<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"s1\">Atomic Habits<\/span><span class=\"dl\">'<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"highlight__panel js-actions-panel\">\n<div class=\"highlight__panel-action js-fullscreen-code-action\">\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-on\"><title>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M16 3h6v6h-2V5h-4V3zM2 3h6v2H4v4H2V3zm18 16v-4h2v6h-6v-2h4zM4 19h4v2H2v-6h2v4z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<p>    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" class=\"highlight-action crayons-icon highlight-action--fullscreen-off\"><title>\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f<\/title>\n    <path d=\"M18 7h4v2h-6V3h2v4zM8 9H2V7h4V3h2v6zm10 8v4h-2v-6h6v2h-4zM8 15v6H6v-4H2v-2h6z\"\/>\n<\/svg><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 TypeScript \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<br \/>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrapper-paragraph\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/th>\n<th>\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Partial<type\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Required<type\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Readonly<type\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Pick<type k=\"\"\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Omit<type k=\"\"\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Record<k t=\"\"\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Exclude<t u=\"\"\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Extract<t u=\"\"\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>NonNullable<t\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 <code>null<\/code> \u0648\u062a <code>undefined<\/code>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>ReturnType<t\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>Parameters<t\/><\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\"><\/span>\n<p>  \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 TypeScript \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \ud83d\udcac<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \ud83d\udd17<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u060c \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645! \ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Typescript TypeScript \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 TypeScript \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0647\u0627 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":98067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/media2.dev.to\/dynamic\/image\/width=1000,height=500,fit=cover,gravity=auto,format=auto\/https%3A%2F%2Fdev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fuploads%2Farticles%2F15r6mz956f331xur51yk.jpg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[339],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dev"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98066"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98066\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nabfollower.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}