ایجاد رابط کاربری گرافیکی جاوا با اجزای Swing

//--- Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)

// Provides layout manager for arranging components in five regions: 
// north, south, east, west, and center.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
// Grid layout - Specifies constraints for components that are laid out using the GridBagLayout.
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
// Grid - layout manager that aligns components vertically and horizontally, 
// without requiring the components to be of the same size.
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
// Gird padding - Specifies the space (padding) between components and their borders.
import java.awt.Insets;
// Button - Provides the capability to handle action events like button clicks.
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
// Button event - Allows handling of action events, such as button clicks.
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//--- swing GUI

// Button - Provides a button component that can trigger actions when clicked.
import javax.swing.JButton;
// Frame - Provides a window with decorations 
// such as a title, border, and buttons for closing and minimizing.
import javax.swing.JFrame;
// Labels - Provides a display area for a short text string or an image, or both.
import javax.swing.JLabel;
// Submition Message - Provides standard dialog boxes such as message, input, and confirmation dialogs.
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
// Panel - Provides a generic container for grouping components together.
import javax.swing.JPanel;
// Scroll user message - Provides to the a scrollable view of a lightweight component.
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
// User message - Provides a multi-line area to display/edit plain text.
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
// Name & Email - Provides a single-line text field for user input.
import javax.swing.JTextField;

/**
 * This class generates a simple contact form. The form includes fields for the
 * user's name, email, and message, and a submit button to submit the form.
 * 
 * @author Alejandro Ricciardi
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 06/16/2024
 */
public class contactForm {
    /**
     * The main method to create and display the contact form.
     *
     * @param args Command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /*------------
         |   Frame   |
         ------------*/

        // ---- Initializes frame
        // Creates the main application frame
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Contact Form");
        frame.setSize(400, 300); // Set the size of the frame
                // Close the application when the frame is closed
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 
        frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); // Use BorderLayout for the frame

        /*------------
         |   Panel   |
         ------------*/

        // ---- Initializes panel
        // Create a panel with GridBagLayout
        JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gridForm = new GridBagConstraints();
        gridForm.insets = new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5); // Add padding around components

        // ---- Creates and adds grid components to the panel       // -- Name
        // Adds "Name" label
        JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("Name:");
        gridForm.gridx = 0; // Position at column 0
        gridForm.gridy = 0; // Position at row 0
        panel.add(nameLabel, gridForm);
        // Add text field for name input
        JTextField nameField = new JTextField(20);
        gridForm.gridx = 1; // Position at column 1
        gridForm.gridy = 0; // Position at row 0
        panel.add(nameField, gridForm);

        // -- Email
        // Add "Email" label
        JLabel emailLabel = new JLabel("Email:");
        gridForm.gridx = 0; // Position at column 0
        gridForm.gridy = 1; // Position at row 1
        panel.add(emailLabel, gridForm);
        // Adds text field for email input
        JTextField emailField = new JTextField(20);
        gridForm.gridx = 1; // Position at column 1
        gridForm.gridy = 1; // Position at row 1
        panel.add(emailField, gridForm);

        // Adds "Message" label
        JLabel messageLabel = new JLabel("Message:");
        gridForm.gridx = 0; // Position at column 0
        gridForm.gridy = 2; // Position at row 2
        panel.add(messageLabel, gridForm);

        // -- Message
        // Adds text area for message input with a scroll pane
        JTextArea messageArea = new JTextArea(5, 20);
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(messageArea);
        gridForm.gridx = 1; // Position at column 1
        gridForm.gridy = 2; // Position at row 2
        panel.add(scrollPane, gridForm);
        // Adds "Submit" button
        JButton submitButton = new JButton("Submit");
        gridForm.gridx = 1; // Position at column 1
        gridForm.gridy = 3; // Position at row 3
        panel.add(submitButton, gridForm);

        // Adds the panel to the frame's center
        frame.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        // Make the frame visible
        frame.setVisible(true);

        /*------------
         |  JDialog  |
         ------------*/
        // Add action listener to the submit button
        ActionListener submitBtnClicked = new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                // Display a message dialog when the submit button is clicked
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Message was sent!");
            }
        };

        submitButton.addActionListener(submitBtnClicked);
    }
}