استراتژی های انتقال داده در Ruby on Rails: راه درست برای مدیریت داده های از دست رفته

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    puts 'Updating animal status...'
  end
end

rake animals:backfill_statuses
# => Updating animal status...

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).update_all(status: 'reserved')
  end
end

rake animals:backfill_statuses

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    puts "Before running the rake task, there were #{Animal.where(status: 'reserved').count} animals in the 'reserved' state."

    Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).update_all(status: 'reserved')

    puts "After running the rake task, there are now #{Animal.where(status: 'reserved').count} animals in the 'reserved' state."
  end
end

rake animals:backfill_statuses

# => Before running the rake task, there were 0 animals in the 'reserved' state.
# => After running the rake task, there are now 101 animals in the 'reserved' state.

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
      Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).update_all(status: 'reserved')
    end
  end
end

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).each do |animal|
      animal.update(status: 'reserved')
    end
  end
end

D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.346040 #67787] DEBUG -- :   Animal Load (1.6ms)  SELECT `animals`.* FROM `animals` WHERE `animals`.`status` IS NULL AND (created_at < '2023-07-21')
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.346735 #67787] DEBUG -- :   ↳ lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake:10:in `block (2 levels) in <main>'
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.371908 #67787] DEBUG -- :   TRANSACTION (2.2ms)  BEGIN
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.372737 #67787] DEBUG -- :   ↳ lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake:11:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.375091 #67787] DEBUG -- :   Animal Update (2.2ms)  UPDATE `animals` SET `animals`.`status` = 'reserved', `animals`.`updated_at` = '2023-07-21 07:50:58.368697' WHERE `animals`.`id` = 1
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.375713 #67787] DEBUG -- :   ↳ lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake:11:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.381169 #67787] DEBUG -- :   TRANSACTION (5.0ms)  COMMIT
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.381524 #67787] DEBUG -- :   ↳ lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake:11:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.383624 #67787] DEBUG -- :   TRANSACTION (1.3ms)  BEGIN
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.384250 #67787] DEBUG -- :   ↳ lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake:11:in `block (3 levels) in <main>'
D, [2023-07-21T09:50:58.385792 #67787] DEBUG -- :   Animal Update (1.4ms)  UPDATE `animals` SET `animals`.`status` = 'reserved', `animals`.`updated_at` = '2023-07-21 07:50:58.381901' WHERE `animals`.`id` = 2

...

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).update_all(status: 'reserved')
  end
end

Animal Update All (6.8ms)  UPDATE `animals` SET `animals`.`status` = 'reserved' WHERE `animals`.`status` IS NULL AND (created_at < '2023-07-21')

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).find_each do |animal|
      animal.update(status: 'reserved')
    end
  end
end

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

namespace :animals do
  desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
  task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
    ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)

    # ...
  end
end

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/task1.rake

namespace :animals do
  task task1: [:environment] do
    puts message
  end

  def message
    'Hello world from Task 1!'
  end
end

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/task2.rake

namespace :animals do
  task task2: [:environment] do
    puts message
  end

  def message
    'Hello world from Task 2!'
  end
end

rake animals:task1
# => Hello world from Task 2!
rake animals:task2
# => Hello world from Task 2!

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/task1.rake

namespace :animals do
  task task1: [:environment] do
    query.destroy_all
  end

  def query
    Animal.where(status: nil)
  end
end

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/task2.rake

namespace :animals do
  task task2: [:environment] do
    query.destroy_all
  end

  def query
    Animal.all
  end
end

rake animals:task1

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/task1.rake

module Tasks
  module Animals
    class Task1

      include Rake::DSL

      def initialize
        namespace :animals do
          task task1: [:environment] do
            puts message
          end
        end
      end

      private

      def message
        'Hello world from Task 1!'
      end
    end
  end
end

Tasks::Animals::Task1.new

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/task2.rake

module Tasks
  module Animals
    class Task2

      include Rake::DSL

      def initialize
        namespace :animals do
          task task2: [:environment] do
            puts message
          end
        end
      end

      private

      def message
        'Hello world from Task 2!'
      end
    end
  end
end

Tasks::Animals::Task2.new

rake animals:task1
# => Hello world from Task 1!
rake animals:task2
# => Hello world from Task 2!

# frozen_string_literal: true

# lib/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses.rake

module Tasks
  module Animals
    class BackfillStatuses

      include Rake::DSL

      def initialize
        namespace :animals do
          desc "Update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today"
          task backfill_statuses: [:environment] do
            Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).update_all(status: 'reserved')
          end
        end
      end

    end
  end
end

Tasks::Animals::BackfillStatuses.new

# spec/support/tasks.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

RSpec.configure do |_config|
  Rails.application.load_tasks
end

# spec/rails_helper.rb

require 'support/tasks'

# spec/tasks/animals/backfill_statuses_spec.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe 'rake animals:backfill_statuses', type: :task do
  subject { Rake::Task['animals:backfill_statuses'].execute }

  let(:expected_output) do
    <<~TEXT
      Before running the rake task, there were 1 animals in the 'reserved' state.
      After running the rake task, there are now 2 animals in the 'reserved' state.
    TEXT
  end

  let(:animal_1) { create(:animal, created_at: 10.days.ago, status: nil) }
  let(:animal_2) { create(:animal, created_at: 10.days.ago, status: 'reserved') }
  let(:animal_3) { create(:animal, created_at: 10.days.ago, status: 'another_status') }
  let(:animal_4) { create(:animal, created_at: 10.days.from_now, status: nil) }

  before do
    animal_1
    animal_2
    animal_3
    animal_4
  end

  it "update animal status to 'reserved' for animals created before today" do
    expect { subject }.to change { animal_1.reload.status }.from(nil).to('reserved')
      .and output(expected_output).to_stdout

    expect(animal_2.reload.status).to eq('reserved')
    expect(animal_3.reload.status).to eq('another_status')
    expect(animal_4.reload.status).to be_nil
  end
end

# Gemfile

gem 'data_migrate'

bundle install

rails g data_migration backfill_animal_statuses

# => db/data/20230721111716_backfill_animal_statuses.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

class BackfillAnimalStatuses < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
  def up
    puts 'Test Data Migration'
  end

  def down
    # do nothing
  end
end

rake data:migrate
# or
rake db:migrate:with_data

== 20230721111716 BackfillAnimalStatuses: migrating ===========================
Test Data Migration
== 20230721111716 BackfillAnimalStatuses: migrated (0.0000s) ==================

rails g data_migration backfill_animal_statuses

# => db/data/20230721112534_backfill_animal_statuses.rbb

# db/data/20230721112534_backfill_animal_statuses.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

class BackfillAnimalStatuses < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
  def up
    Animal.where(status: nil).where('created_at < ?', Time.zone.today).update_all(status: 'reserved')
  end

  def down
    # do nothing
  end
end

rake data:migrate

== Data =======================================================================
== 20230721112534 BackfillAnimalStatuses: migrating ===========================
== 20230721112534 BackfillAnimalStatuses: migrated (0.0221s) ==================